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# Bun SQLite
@moduletrace/bun-sqlite
A schema-driven SQLite manager for [Bun](https://bun.sh), featuring automatic schema synchronization, type-safe CRUD operations, vector embedding support (via `sqlite-vec`), and TypeScript type definition generation.
---
## Table of Contents
- [Features](#features)
- [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
- [Configuration](#configuration)
- [Schema Definition](#schema-definition)
- [CLI Commands](#cli-commands)
- [`schema`](#schema--sync-database-to-schema)
- [`typedef`](#typedef--generate-typescript-types-only)
- [`backup`](#backup--back-up-the-database)
- [`restore`](#restore--restore-the-database-from-a-backup)
- [CRUD API](#crud-api)
- [Select](#select)
- [Insert](#insert)
- [Update](#update)
- [Delete](#delete)
- [Raw SQL](#raw-sql)
- [Query API Reference](#query-api-reference)
- [Vector Table Support](#vector-table-support)
- [TypeScript Type Generation](#typescript-type-generation)
- [Default Fields](#default-fields)
- [Project Structure](#project-structure)
---
## Features
- **Schema-first design** — define your database in TypeScript; the library syncs your SQLite file to match
- **Automatic migrations** — adds new columns, recreates tables for complex changes, drops removed tables
- **Type-safe CRUD** — fully generic `select`, `insert`, `update`, `delete` functions with TypeScript generics
- **Rich query DSL** — filtering, ordering, pagination, joins, grouping, full-text search, sub-query counts
- **Vector table support** — create and manage `sqlite-vec` virtual tables for AI/ML embeddings
- **TypeScript codegen** — generate `.ts` type definitions from your schema automatically
- **Zero-config defaults** — `id`, `created_at`, and `updated_at` fields are added to every table automatically
---
## Prerequisites
`@moduletrace/bun-sqlite` is published to a private Gitea npm registry. You must configure your package manager to resolve the `@moduletrace` scope from that registry before installing.
Add the following to your project's `.npmrc` file (create it at the root of your project if it doesn't exist):
```ini
@moduletrace:registry=https://git.tben.me/api/packages/moduletrace/npm/
```
This works for both `bun` and `npm`.
---
## Installation
```bash
bun add @moduletrace/bun-sqlite
```
---
## Quick Start
### 1. Create the config file
Create `bun-sqlite.config.ts` at your project root:
```ts
import type { BunSQLiteConfig } from "@moduletrace/bun-sqlite";
const config: BunSQLiteConfig = {
db_name: "my-app.db",
db_schema_file_name: "schema.ts",
db_dir: "./db", // optional: where to store the db file
db_backup_dir: ".backups", // optional: name of backups directory. Relative to the db dir.
typedef_file_path: "./db/types/db.ts", // optional: where to write generated types
};
export default config;
```
### 2. Define your schema
Create `./db/schema.ts` (matching `db_schema_file_name` above):
```ts
import type { BUN_SQLITE_DatabaseSchemaType } from "@moduletrace/bun-sqlite";
const schema: BUN_SQLITE_DatabaseSchemaType = {
dbName: "my-app",
tables: [
{
tableName: "users",
fields: [
{ fieldName: "first_name", dataType: "TEXT" },
{ fieldName: "last_name", dataType: "TEXT" },
{ fieldName: "email", dataType: "TEXT", unique: true },
],
},
],
};
export default schema;
```
### 3. Sync the schema to SQLite
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite schema
```
This creates the SQLite database file and creates/updates all tables to match your schema.
### 4. Use the CRUD API
```ts
import BunSQLite from "@moduletrace/bun-sqlite";
// Insert
await BunSQLite.insert({
table: "users",
data: [{ first_name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com" }],
});
// Select
const result = await BunSQLite.select({ table: "users" });
console.log(result.payload); // Alice's row
// Update
await BunSQLite.update({
table: "users",
targetId: 1,
data: { first_name: "Alicia" },
});
// Delete
await BunSQLite.delete({ table: "users", targetId: 1 });
```
---
## Configuration
The config file must be named `bun-sqlite.config.ts` and placed at the root of your project.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| --------------------- | -------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `db_name` | `string` | Yes | Filename for the SQLite database (e.g. `"app.db"`) |
| `db_schema_file_name` | `string` | Yes | Filename of the schema file relative to `db_dir` (or root if `db_dir` is not set) |
| `db_backup_dir` | `string` | No | Directory for database backups, relative to `db_dir` |
| `db_dir` | `string` | No | Root directory for the database file and schema. Defaults to project root |
| `typedef_file_path` | `string` | No | Output path for generated TypeScript types, relative to project root |
| `max_backups` | `number` | No | Maximum number of backup files to keep. Oldest are deleted automatically. Defaults to `10` |
---
## Schema Definition
### Database Schema
```ts
interface BUN_SQLITE_DatabaseSchemaType {
dbName?: string;
tables: BUN_SQLITE_TableSchemaType[];
}
```
### Table Schema
```ts
interface BUN_SQLITE_TableSchemaType {
tableName: string;
tableDescription?: string;
fields: BUN_SQLITE_FieldSchemaType[];
indexes?: BUN_SQLITE_IndexSchemaType[];
uniqueConstraints?: BUN_SQLITE_UniqueConstraintSchemaType[];
parentTableName?: string; // inherit fields from another table in the schema
tableNameOld?: string; // rename: set this to the old name to trigger ALTER TABLE RENAME
isVector?: boolean; // mark this as a sqlite-vec virtual table
vectorType?: string; // virtual table type, defaults to "vec0"
}
```
### Field Schema
```ts
type BUN_SQLITE_FieldSchemaType = {
fieldName?: string;
dataType: "TEXT" | "INTEGER";
primaryKey?: boolean;
autoIncrement?: boolean;
notNullValue?: boolean;
unique?: boolean;
defaultValue?: string | number;
defaultValueLiteral?: string; // raw SQL literal, e.g. "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
foreignKey?: BUN_SQLITE_ForeignKeyType;
isVector?: boolean; // vector embedding column
vectorSize?: number; // embedding dimensions (default: 1536)
sideCar?: boolean; // sqlite-vec "+" prefix for side-car columns
updatedField?: boolean; // flag that this field definition has changed
};
```
### Foreign Key
```ts
interface BUN_SQLITE_ForeignKeyType {
destinationTableName: string;
destinationTableColumnName: string;
cascadeDelete?: boolean;
cascadeUpdate?: boolean;
}
```
### Index
```ts
interface BUN_SQLITE_IndexSchemaType {
indexName?: string;
indexType?: "regular" | "full_text" | "vector";
indexTableFields?: { value: string; dataType: string }[];
}
```
### Unique Constraint
```ts
interface BUN_SQLITE_UniqueConstraintSchemaType {
constraintName?: string;
constraintTableFields?: { value: string }[];
}
```
---
## CLI Commands
The package provides a `bun-sqlite` CLI binary.
### `schema` — Sync database to schema
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite schema [options]
```
| Option | Description |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| `-v`, `--vector` | Drop and recreate all vector (`sqlite-vec`) virtual tables |
| `-t`, `--typedef` | Also generate TypeScript type definitions after syncing |
**Examples:**
```bash
# Sync schema only
bunx bun-sqlite schema
# Sync schema and regenerate types
bunx bun-sqlite schema --typedef
# Sync schema, recreate vector tables, and regenerate types
bunx bun-sqlite schema --vector --typedef
```
### `typedef` — Generate TypeScript types only
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite typedef
```
Reads the schema and writes TypeScript type definitions to the path configured in `typedef_file_path`.
---
### `backup` — Back up the database
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite backup
```
Copies the current database file into `db_backup_dir` with a timestamped filename. After copying, the oldest backups are automatically pruned so the number of stored backups never exceeds `max_backups` (default: 10).
**Example:**
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite backup
# Backing up database ...
# DB Backup Success!
```
---
### `restore` — Restore the database from a backup
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite restore
```
Presents an interactive list of available backups sorted by date (newest first). Select a backup to overwrite the current database file with it.
**Example:**
```bash
bunx bun-sqlite restore
# Restoring up database ...
# ? Select a backup: (Use arrow keys)
# ❯ Backup #1: Mon Mar 02 2026 14:30:00
# Backup #2: Sun Mar 01 2026 09:15:42
# DB Restore Success!
```
> If no backups exist, the command exits with an error and a reminder to run `backup` first.
---
## CRUD API
Import the default export:
```ts
import BunSQLite from "@moduletrace/bun-sqlite";
```
All methods return an `APIResponseObject<T>`:
```ts
{
success: boolean;
payload?: T[]; // array of rows (select)
singleRes?: T; // first row (select)
count?: number; // total count (when count: true)
postInsertReturn?: {
affectedRows?: number;
insertId?: number;
};
error?: string;
msg?: string;
debug?: any;
}
```
---
### Select
```ts
BunSQLite.select<T>({ table, query?, count?, targetId? })
```
| Parameter | Type | Description |
| ---------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `table` | `string` | Table name |
| `query` | `ServerQueryParam<T>` | Query/filter options (see [Query API](#query-api-reference)) |
| `count` | `boolean` | Return row count instead of rows |
| `targetId` | `string \| number` | Shorthand to filter by `id` |
**Examples:**
```ts
// Get all users
const res = await BunSQLite.select({ table: "users" });
// Get by ID
const res = await BunSQLite.select({ table: "users", targetId: 42 });
// Filter with LIKE
const res = await BunSQLite.select<UserType>({
table: "users",
query: {
query: {
first_name: { value: "Ali", equality: "LIKE" },
},
},
});
// Count rows
const res = await BunSQLite.select({ table: "users", count: true });
console.log(res.count);
// Pagination
const res = await BunSQLite.select({
table: "users",
query: { limit: 10, page: 2 },
});
```
---
### Insert
```ts
BunSQLite.insert<T>({ table, data });
```
| Parameter | Type | Description |
| --------- | -------- | ------------------------------ |
| `table` | `string` | Table name |
| `data` | `T[]` | Array of row objects to insert |
`created_at` and `updated_at` are set automatically to `Date.now()`.
**Example:**
```ts
const res = await BunSQLite.insert({
table: "users",
data: [
{ first_name: "Alice", last_name: "Smith", email: "alice@example.com" },
{ first_name: "Bob", last_name: "Jones", email: "bob@example.com" },
],
});
console.log(res.postInsertReturn?.insertId); // last inserted row ID
```
---
### Update
```ts
BunSQLite.update<T>({ table, data, query?, targetId? })
```
| Parameter | Type | Description |
| ---------- | --------------------- | --------------------------- |
| `table` | `string` | Table name |
| `data` | `Partial<T>` | Fields to update |
| `query` | `ServerQueryParam<T>` | WHERE clause conditions |
| `targetId` | `string \| number` | Shorthand to filter by `id` |
A WHERE clause is required. If no condition matches, `success` is `false`.
`updated_at` is set automatically to `Date.now()`.
**Examples:**
```ts
// Update by ID
await BunSQLite.update({
table: "users",
targetId: 1,
data: { first_name: "Alicia" },
});
// Update with custom query
await BunSQLite.update({
table: "users",
data: { last_name: "Doe" },
query: {
query: {
email: { value: "alice@example.com", equality: "EQUAL" },
},
},
});
```
---
### Delete
```ts
BunSQLite.delete<T>({ table, query?, targetId? })
```
| Parameter | Type | Description |
| ---------- | --------------------- | --------------------------- |
| `table` | `string` | Table name |
| `query` | `ServerQueryParam<T>` | WHERE clause conditions |
| `targetId` | `string \| number` | Shorthand to filter by `id` |
A WHERE clause is required. If no condition is provided, `success` is `false`.
**Examples:**
```ts
// Delete by ID
await BunSQLite.delete({ table: "users", targetId: 1 });
// Delete with condition
await BunSQLite.delete({
table: "users",
query: {
query: {
first_name: { value: "Ben", equality: "LIKE" },
},
},
});
```
---
### Raw SQL
```ts
BunSQLite.sql<T>({ sql, values? })
```
| Parameter | Type | Description |
| --------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- |
| `sql` | `string` | Raw SQL statement |
| `values` | `(string \| number)[]` | Parameterized values |
SELECT statements return rows; all other statements return `postInsertReturn`.
**Examples:**
```ts
// SELECT
const res = await BunSQLite.sql<UserType>({ sql: "SELECT * FROM users" });
console.log(res.payload);
// INSERT with params
await BunSQLite.sql({
sql: "INSERT INTO users (first_name, email) VALUES (?, ?)",
values: ["Charlie", "charlie@example.com"],
});
```
---
## Query API Reference
The `query` parameter on `select`, `update`, and `delete` accepts a `ServerQueryParam<T>` object:
```ts
type ServerQueryParam<T> = {
query?: { [key in keyof T]: ServerQueryObject };
selectFields?: (keyof T | { fieldName: keyof T; alias?: string })[];
omitFields?: (keyof T)[];
limit?: number;
page?: number;
offset?: number;
order?:
| { field: keyof T; strategy: "ASC" | "DESC" }
| { field: keyof T; strategy: "ASC" | "DESC" }[];
searchOperator?: "AND" | "OR"; // how multiple query fields are joined (default: AND)
join?: ServerQueryParamsJoin[];
group?:
| keyof T
| { field: keyof T; table?: string }
| (keyof T | { field: keyof T; table?: string })[];
countSubQueries?: ServerQueryParamsCount[];
fullTextSearch?: {
fields: (keyof T)[];
searchTerm: string;
scoreAlias: string;
};
};
```
### Equality Operators
Set `equality` on any query field to control the comparison:
| Equality | SQL Equivalent |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| `EQUAL` (default) | `=` |
| `NOT EQUAL` | `!=` |
| `LIKE` | `LIKE '%value%'` |
| `LIKE_RAW` | `LIKE 'value'` (no auto-wrapping) |
| `LIKE_LOWER` | `LOWER(field) LIKE '%value%'` |
| `NOT LIKE` | `NOT LIKE '%value%'` |
| `GREATER THAN` | `>` |
| `GREATER THAN OR EQUAL` | `>=` |
| `LESS THAN` | `<` |
| `LESS THAN OR EQUAL` | `<=` |
| `IN` | `IN (val1, val2, ...)` — pass array as value |
| `NOT IN` | `NOT IN (...)` |
| `BETWEEN` | `BETWEEN val1 AND val2` — pass `[val1, val2]` as value |
| `IS NULL` | `IS NULL` |
| `IS NOT NULL` | `IS NOT NULL` |
| `MATCH` | sqlite-vec vector nearest-neighbor search |
**Example:**
```ts
// Find users with email NOT NULL, ordered by created_at DESC, limit 20
const res = await BunSQLite.select<UserType>({
table: "users",
query: {
query: {
email: { equality: "IS NOT NULL" },
},
order: { field: "created_at", strategy: "DESC" },
limit: 20,
},
});
```
### JOIN
```ts
const res = await BunSQLite.select({
table: "posts",
query: {
join: [
{
joinType: "LEFT JOIN",
tableName: "users",
match: { source: "user_id", target: "id" },
selectFields: ["first_name", "email"],
},
],
},
});
```
---
## Vector Table Support
`@moduletrace/bun-sqlite` integrates with [`sqlite-vec`](https://github.com/asg017/sqlite-vec) for storing and querying vector embeddings.
### Define a vector table in the schema
```ts
{
tableName: "documents",
isVector: true,
vectorType: "vec0", // defaults to "vec0"
fields: [
{
fieldName: "embedding",
dataType: "TEXT",
isVector: true,
vectorSize: 1536, // embedding dimensions
},
{
fieldName: "title",
dataType: "TEXT",
sideCar: true, // stored as a side-car column (+title) for efficiency
},
{
fieldName: "body",
dataType: "TEXT",
sideCar: true,
},
],
}
```
> **Side-car columns** (`sideCar: true`) use sqlite-vec's `+column` syntax. They are stored separately from the vector index, keeping the index lean and fast while still being queryable alongside vector results.
### Sync vector tables
```bash
# Initial sync
bunx bun-sqlite schema
# Recreate vector tables (e.g. after changing vectorSize)
bunx bun-sqlite schema --vector
```
### Query vectors
```ts
const res = await BunSQLite.select({
table: "documents",
query: {
query: {
embedding: {
equality: "MATCH",
value: "<serialized-vector>",
vector: true,
vectorFunction: "vec_f32",
},
},
limit: 5,
},
});
```
---
## TypeScript Type Generation
Run the `typedef` command (or pass `--typedef` to `schema`) to generate a `.ts` file containing:
- A `const` array of all table names (`BunSQLiteTables`)
- A `type` for each table (named `BUN_SQLITE_<DB_NAME>_<TABLE_NAME>`)
- A union type `BUN_SQLITE_<DB_NAME>_ALL_TYPEDEFS`
**Example output** (`db/types/db.ts`):
```ts
export const BunSQLiteTables = ["users"] as const;
export type BUN_SQLITE_MY_APP_USERS = {
/** The unique identifier of the record. */
id?: number;
/** The time when the record was created. (Unix Timestamp) */
created_at?: number;
/** The time when the record was updated. (Unix Timestamp) */
updated_at?: number;
first_name?: string;
last_name?: string;
email?: string;
};
export type BUN_SQLITE_MY_APP_ALL_TYPEDEFS = BUN_SQLITE_MY_APP_USERS;
```
Use the generated types with the CRUD API for full type safety:
```ts
import BunSQLite from "@moduletrace/bun-sqlite";
import { BUN_SQLITE_MY_APP_USERS, BunSQLiteTables } from "./db/types/db";
const res = await BunSQLite.select<BUN_SQLITE_MY_APP_USERS>({
table: "users" as (typeof BunSQLiteTables)[number],
});
```
---
## Default Fields
Every table automatically receives the following fields — you do not need to declare them in your schema:
| Field | Type | Description |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| `id` | `INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL` | Unique row identifier |
| `created_at` | `INTEGER` | Unix timestamp set on insert |
| `updated_at` | `INTEGER` | Unix timestamp updated on every update |
---
## Project Structure
```
bun-sqlite/
├── src/
│ ├── index.ts # Main export (BunSQLite object)
│ ├── commands/
│ │ ├── index.ts # CLI entry point
│ │ ├── schema.ts # `schema` command
│ │ ├── typedef.ts # `typedef` command
│ │ ├── backup.ts # `backup` command
│ │ └── restore.ts # `restore` command
│ ├── functions/
│ │ └── init.ts # Config + schema loader
│ ├── lib/sqlite/
│ │ ├── index.ts # Database client (bun:sqlite + sqlite-vec)
│ │ ├── db-schema-manager.ts # Schema synchronization engine
│ │ ├── db-select.ts # Select implementation
│ │ ├── db-insert.ts # Insert implementation
│ │ ├── db-update.ts # Update implementation
│ │ ├── db-delete.ts # Delete implementation
│ │ ├── db-sql.ts # Raw SQL implementation
│ │ ├── db-generate-type-defs.ts # Type def generator
│ │ └── schema-to-typedef.ts # Schema-to-TypeScript converter
│ ├── types/
│ │ └── index.ts # All TypeScript types and interfaces
│ └── utils/
│ ├── sql-generator.ts # SELECT query builder
│ ├── sql-insert-generator.ts # INSERT query builder
│ ├── sql-gen-operator-gen.ts # Equality operator mapper
│ ├── sql-equality-parser.ts # Equality string parser
│ ├── append-default-fields-to-db-schema.ts
│ ├── grab-db-dir.ts # Resolve db/backup directory paths
│ ├── grab-db-backup-file-name.ts # Generate timestamped backup filename
│ ├── grab-sorted-backups.ts # List backups sorted newest-first
│ ├── grab-backup-data.ts # Parse metadata from a backup filename
│ └── trim-backups.ts # Prune oldest backups over max_backups
└── test/
└── test-01/ # Example project using the library
├── bun-sqlite.config.ts
├── db/
│ ├── bun-sqlite-schema.ts
│ └── types/bun-sqlite.ts # Generated types
└── src/
├── insert.ts
├── select.ts
├── delete.ts
└── sql.ts
```
---
## License
MIT
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